Impact of poverty on the nutrition of children

Impact of poverty on the nutrition of children Recent studies have shown that poverty has large and consistent associations with negative outcomes in child nutrition in the United Kingdom. Poverty adversely affects the nutrition of children, and this issue has been a significant and growing social problem, even before the occurrence of the global economic downturn. Poverty is a major factor that negatively affects childrens nutrition, and hence their development. This is especially so in cases where there is deep, long-term poverty. The official poverty threshold in the United Kingdom varies according to factors like the money income and the number of adults and children in the family. Every year in the United Kingdom, the official poverty threshold is updated for inflation, using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) Poverty leads to substandard nutrition and poor motor skills in children. This substandard nutrition is also associated with wasting (low weight-for-age) and stunted growth (low height-for-age) in children in the United Kingdom. Research suggests that a combination of parental effort and social programs correctly de- signed and implemented can improve the lives of poor children and their families. Both the statistical data and the research findings cited in this brief underscore the need to resume efforts to reduce the child poverty rate, even as other issues command the nations attention. (Guo G and Harris K M 2000) Poverty is associated with obesity among children in the United Kingdom. This is because children living in poverty are more likely to have irregular eating habits, and will eat whatever comes to them, as long as it is food. Poor nutrition also leads to a situation in which poor children are at a higher risk of developing chronic health problems like anemia and asthma as they grow up. Children living in poverty are more likely to become physically impaired, and this would cause a lot of restriction in their future activities. Children living in poverty are more vulnerable to risky health compromising behaviors like smoking and getting involved in early sexual activities at a tender age. Health problems that result due to poverty during early childhood can become risk factors themselves that would instigate developmental problems later in life. These include problems in achievement, physical, language, cognitive, social and emotional domains. Reduced health and safety standards are a major factor in the lives of children who experience long term poverty. For instance, growth differences between poor and non-poor children are much more evident when using a long-term measure of poverty, even when adjustments are made to accommodate family characteristics. Poverty leads to poor health in children and poor health is linked to various negative educational outcomes (Case and Paxson, 2006) Childhood health problems may impede education. Recent studies have shown that the impact of malnutrition and poor health on a childs education varies with family socio-economic status, and might be more pronounced in the case of disadvantaged families. (Fowler et al, 1992) An analysis of children suffering from chronic health problems progress more slowly through school than children from wealthier families (Case et al, 2002) In the United Kingdom, there has been evidence that poor health during childhood negatively affects education up until early adulthood and subsequent socioeconomic status. An analysis of the 1958 and 1946 British cohort studies shows that poverty, malnutrition and poor health in children and young adults significantly lowers the chances of cohort numbers to acquire higher-order educational qualifications. Case et al, 2002; Wadsworth, 1986. Several studies indicate that poverty and malnutrition in childhood also have an impact on adult employment and income, although this impact may not be large as compared to other significant socio-economic factors (Currie, 2009; Haas, 2006; Palonni, 2006; Paallon et al, 2008) Results from recent studies suggest that when children are raised in poverty, they are placed at a higher risk of various negative outcomes which can extend into their adult life. There have been consistently numerous negative associations between poverty in childhood, malnutrition and poor academic results. Poverty has also been associated with children dropping out of school at the adolescent age. Another study about changes in family outcomes found that children whose families go from being above poverty to being either poor or on welfare have lower reading scores than children whose families were never poor. (Guo G and Harris K M 2000) Family poverty and inadequate nutrition is also associated with higher risk of teenage pregnancy, negative peer relationships and lower self esteem, in comparison with children who have not been exposed to poverty. Statistical data as well as research findings have underscored the need for the resumption of efforts aimed at alleviating the child poverty rate. One recent study found that long term poverty is associated with childrens inner feelings of anxiety, unhappiness, and dependence, while current poverty is associated with acting out, disobedience and aggression. (Cumella S, Grattan E and Vostanis P 1998) Research has shown that there are numerous ways by which poverty affects the health of children. Poverty leads to a situation in which children are exposed to risk factors like environmental degradation, maternal depression, parental substance abuse, low quality child care, violent crime, divorce, abuse, trauma and malnutrition. Poverty and inadequate nutrition are likely to affect childrens practical and psychological readiness for educational development and study, and the social support they may need for it. Overcrowding may have direct effects on education and development. It may also have effects via its effects on health and well-being. Overcrowding can limit sleep and the ability to concentrate. Crowding in the home has also been hypothesized to have negative effects on child development, and the development of socially supportive relationships, which result in psychological distress. (Evans, 2005) Effects of poverty and poor nutrition on the health and wellbeing of children in the United Kingdom Poor nutrition as a result of poverty has negative effects on the health and wellbeing of children in the United Kingdom. Children from families whose family income falls below the official poverty threshold are the most affected by this situation. The official poverty threshold in the United Kingdom varies depending on the number of children and adults in the family. A recent study suggests that family poverty and malnutrition causes chronic stress; thereby leading to an undermining of a childs working memory. Poverty and malnutrition also lead to poorer healthcare for children and cause inadequate social behavior in children, which can undermine the educational achievement of these children. Malnutrition as a result of poverty also causes poor social and emotional development in children, as children in poverty are at a greater risk of displaying emotional and behavioral problems like impulsiveness, disobedience, and difficulty in relating properly with their peers. Children who grow up in Poverty and malnutrition tend to show less compliance and positive behaviors than other children who do not live in an impoverished situation. Family poverty is also associated with a higher risk for teen childbearing, less positive peer relations, and lower self- esteem compared with children who have never experienced poverty. (Koller K, Brown T, Spurgeon A and Levy L 2004) Poverty influences a childs social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes because poor children are more likely to be raised by single parents and to live in households where there is less parental supervision and more parental distress. Research finds that poor children are more likely to experience frequent moves and changes in family structure than more affluent children. In turn, children with such turbulent lives are more likely to have negative social and emotional outcomes than children whose lives are relatively stable. Another explanation for the influence of poverty on childrens social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes is that children in low-income families and neighborhoods may be less likely than children who grow up in more economically comfortable circumstances to be exposed to positive social norms in their lives and neighborhoods. (Case A, Lubotsky D and Paxson C 2002) Part B An analysis of health promotion legislation and strategies in the United Kingdom as relates to child nutrition There is a great need to consider the policies that affect the nutrition and wellbeing of children in the United Kingdom, as they are the youngest and most vulnerable members of our society. Although the current strategies and legislations on child nutrition and health have been structured to be as practical as possible in order to determine which programmes and initiatives are effective, children are still vulnerable to the negative effects of poverty and malnutrition that result from poverty. One such legislation that affects child poverty and nutrition in the United Kingdom is the child poverty act 2010, which places a statutory obligation of developing child poverty strategies on the executive arm of government. Child poverty has been an important issue for quite some time, and is not a matter that can be tackled in the short term. There are numerous factors that may affect the efforts aimed at lifting children out of poverty, especially in the current economic climate. In order to effectively tackle child poverty in the United Kingdom, it is vital to consider wider family circumstances, and efforts must be made to provide the legal guardians or parents of the children with adequate support to bring up the children. This can be in the form of financial support, information and advice. There are 2 major aspects of the causes and impact of child poverty in the United Kingdom: 1. Reduction of joblessness among adults who look after children 2. Promotion of longer term outcomes through interventions that are designed to effectively deal with the cyclical nature of child poverty and malnutrition. The key areas to be tackled in the reduction of joblessness are adult centered, but the key relevant areas in promoting longer-term outcomes for tackling the cyclical nature of child poverty and malnutrition by facilitating the increase of future prospects. These strategies would have to be focused on a longer-term impact. In the current economic climate, it is important to utilize every opportunity for improved inter-agency and cross-departmental cooperation in order to ensure that statutory obligations placed on the relevant departments within the child poverty act are treated as high priority. It must be noted that no one department has the authority, resources or power to fully tackle the objectives of this child poverty eradication strategy. It is thus, imperative that departments must combine efforts to achieve a common aim, so as to ensure the achievement of maximum impact on the issue. The aim of child nutrition legislation and strategies is the provision of opportunities for children and young people to succeed in life, and to address the causes and effects of disadvantage as a result of poverty and inadequate nutrition. It is important for the executive to advocate for the proper level on income resources on behalf of the children and their families. Families should also be given support in accessing these benefits. The main strategic priority for the child poverty legislation and strategies in the United Kingdom is to ensure that poverty and disadvantage during childhood do not translate into poorer outcomes for the disadvantaged children as they grow up and become adults. Child poverty legislation strategies also aim to ensure that the environment in which children grow up supports them to thrive, and to provide support for more parents to enable them have work that is profitable. Another strategy for alleviating child poverty and malnutrition in the United Kingdom is to tackle the issue of the child relative income poverty. The child relative income poverty is the proportion or number of children living in households that are below the income poverty line in each given year. The income poverty line in a particular year is set at 60% of the median level of household income in the United Kingdom (Currie J 2009) In order for child poverty and nutrition strategies in the United Kingdom to succeed, there must be a shift towards tackling the root causes of poverty and poor nutrition, and not only treating the symptoms of poverty. There should also be a gradual transition towards using preventative measures in tackling child poverty, and intervening at an early stage in situations where families are in difficulty, in order to reduce the likelihood of more serious issues developing in the future. It is of essence that children are put at the center of child poverty legislation strategies and that the views and perspectives of these children are taken into account when developing poverty eradication programmes and policies. Efforts must be maximized in strengthening and improving prevention and early intervention for the children and their families, especially during the first 3 years of life, so as to improve their future outcomes in health and wellbeing. Families who are experiencing food poverty and lack of adequate nutrition should also be helped so that they will be able to acquire the food and nutrition necessary for them to stay in good health. Aid should be provided for parents in low-income families to enable them to gain education, training and working skills that will help them to get better paid employment. The issues involved in child poverty legislation cannot all be tackled at once. Therefore, there is a need for a targeted approach. A smaller number of high priority issues must be first identified, and then efforts must be concentrated on these high priority issues first.

CONFLICT IN NIGERIA

Muslims may be a ma-Sorority, but if so they are barely that. Islam has functioned in cultural and pop-Leticia terms to create unity in northern Nigeria. Indeed, as Nigeria moved too 12-state system in 1967 from one of four regions and then to a federal republic with 19 states in 1976, it became nieces-Sara to stress Islamic unity in the 10 northern states where two-thirds of the population was Muslim.In order to maintain the dominance of the north in national politics, Islam had to provide the glue that had disappeared tit the demise of the old Native Administrate-Zion, the regional reassurance, and the party that had ruled the north in the First Republic-the Northern Peoples' Congress. 22 When the military left power in 1979, the NP tried to appeal beyond the north. Under institutional provisions, in orders o Electra president,it had o win at least a quarter of the votes in two-thirds of the states. AT he NP could not campaign as a Muslim party and it had cost the administrative di d hath ad supported the old ruling Northern Pee-apples' Congress. But it retained the sup-port of Islamic elites in the north and it also had the support of many high-ranking officers, some but not all of 21 . Ibid. , p. 23. 22. Dudley, Introduction to Nigerian Govern-meet and Politics, p. 163. 23. In fact, She Shari did not win quite 25 percent of the vote in 12 states but in a series of contested court actions he was declared president in the 1979 elections by virtue of having won 20 percent of the vote in the twelfth state. Homo were Muslims. 24TH he NP was seen as a Muslim party in the north. With the chairman of the NP coming from the west, the president of the republic from the north, the vice press-dent from the east-an alignment us-attained in the second election of 1983- Nap's ointment zone arty traders would have been under pressure if the civilian regime had continued and the posts had to be rotated by place of origin in 1988.At the same time, as it became nieces-Sara to stress Islam in order to maintain northern unity that was under pressure from the creation of more states, Islam itself often worked to intensify fissures opened up by social and economic changes. Appeals for social Justice were made in Islamic terms. Thus, as reform and purifications pavements intentioned to proliferate,' slam s a religions ND a set of cultural symbols was not solely a force for unity in the northern states. It was interpreted variably by different social groups.Elites tried to maintain theirs eminence y manipulating do-erne and traditional institutions in the name of Islam while businessmen lilt mosques and workers made demands through Islamic terminology. At the same time, Muhammad Maria AP-pealed to fringe groups to follow him to an Islamic revival. OFF Rutherford, the 24. The Briar regime, which came in at the end of 1983, actually as had the most Muslims among its leadership of all the five military regimes since 1966-the other four being Irony's, Gown's, Moha mmedan, Bassoon's. Irons and Gown were Christians, as was Bassoon.I have focused much more on the impacts f Islam Han of Christianity n political legitimacy and the role of the state in Nigeria because Islam has been, in the north, an unofficial state religion. Moreover, the struggle to define the relationship of religion to the state has been a struggle around the role of Islamic WI n Nigeria. Thee verve napping- elation of religious symbols both to Jus-tiff the rule of elites and to challenge that rule as been a manipulation of Islamic values and symbols more than Christian ones.There is reason to believe, however, that some Christian sects provide for their followers a measure of autonomy from established authority, both reel-Sioux and secular. The development of Ladder Christianity-the praying churches such as the Christ Apostolic Church and the Cherubim and Sera-pimp in Hardbound-seems to go hand in glove with the development of values and attitudes of industriousness and busin ess. That is, the adherents of the Ladder hurdles o not appear s CEO- omicron addicts,a Thought hem ay insist on a measure of political independence from established authorities. AS o far, though, the impact of Christianity in Nigeria has been less directly cones-sequential for the struggle for political legitimacy and control of authoritative roles at central and state levels than has been the impact of Islam. Nigeria has not evolved political formulas hate explicitly Lori elision r religious theorists defined astigmatic. But there have been struggles carried out in religious terms over constitute-cantonal champions r adjudicating n-flick. Religion as been an element in the conflicts twenty ethnic-language pups.And religion provides a language, a set of values,a NDIS institution's rough which groups struggle and over which groups contend, both within and between reel-Sioux communities. 26. For a major study of the adoption of Ala-durra Christianity, see J. D. Y. Peel, Ladder:A Reli gious Movement among the Your (Loon-don: Oxford university Reese, 1968). P eel is con-current o explain he fundamental characters f a religion f industrialization the Yearbook intent as a new morality of obeying rules. Ibid. , p. 299. 60 This content

Mode Of Production in Marxism

The mode of production is a central concept in Marxism and is defined as the way a society is organized to produce goods and services. It consists of two major aspects: the forces of production and the relations of production. The forces of production include all of the elements that are brought together in production—from land, raw material, and fuel to human skill and labor to machinery, tools, and factories. The relations of production include relationships among people and people’s relationships to the forces of production through which decisions are made about what to do with the results. In Marxist theory, the  mode of production concept was used to illustrate the historical differences between different societies economies, and Marx commented on neolithic, Asiatic, slavery/ancient, feudalism, and capitalism. Marx and fellow German philosopher Friedrich Engels saw hunter-gatherers as the first form of what they called primitive communism. Possessions were generally held by the tribe until the advent of agriculture and other technological advances. Next came the Asiatic mode of production, which represented the first form of a class society. Forced labor is extracted by a smaller group. Technical advances such as writing, standardized weights, irrigation, and mathematics make this mode possible. The slavery or ancient mode of production developed next, often typified in the Greek and Roman city-state. Coinage, affordable iron tools, and an alphabet helped bring about this division of labor. An aristocratic class owned slaves to manage their businesses while they lived lives of leisure. As the feudal mode of production developed next, the old Roman Empire had fallen and authority became more localized. A merchant class developed during this period, though serfs, who were tied to a piece of property through servitude and were essentially slaves, had no incomes and no ability for upward mobility. Capitalism developed next. Marx saw man as having now demanded a wage for the labor for which he had previously been providing for free. Still, according to Marxs Das Kapital, in the eyes of capital, things and people exist only as they are profitable. Karl  Marx and Economic Theory The ultimate end-goal of Marxs economic theory was a post-class society formed around principles of socialism or communism. In either case, the mode of production concept played a key role in understanding the means through which to achieve this goal. With this theory, Marx differentiated various economies throughout history, documenting what he called historical materialisms dialectical stages of development. However, Marx failed to be consistent in his invented terminology, resulting in a vast number of synonyms, subsets and related terms to describe the various  systems. All of these names, of course, depended upon the means through which communities obtained and provided necessary goods and services to one another. Therefore, relationships between these people became the  source of their namesake. Such is the case with communal, independent peasant, state, and slave while others operated from a more  universal  or national  standpoint like  capitalist, socialist and communist. Modern Application Even now, the idea of overthrowing the capitalist system in favor of a communist or socialist one that favors the employee over the company, the citizen over state, and the countryman over country is a hotly contested debate. To give context to the argument against capitalism, Marx argued that by its very nature, capitalism can be viewed as a positive, and indeed revolutionary, economic system whos downfall is its dependence on exploiting and alienating the worker.   Marx further argued that capitalism is inherently doomed to fail for this very reason: Workers would eventually consider themselves oppressed by the capitalist and start a social movement to change the system to a more communist or socialist means of production. However, he warned, this would occur only if a class-conscious proletariat organized successfully to challenge and overthrow the domination of capital.

Juvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System

Once youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometime life changing decision for that youth. It is up to that officer to determine whether the youth will be headed to the juvenile facilities or straight home. The difference between youth and adults crimes, is that with adult crime, police officers don’t have much of discretion to whether arrest or not that offender. Majority of the time they follow certain guidelines and laws. With juvenile justice system, officers have more freedom to make that decision. However officers do not just h ave a discretion whether to arrest juvenile or let him go, they also can impact juvenile’s court decisions after he or she are arrested. The main goal of juvenile facilities are to punish and rehabilitate juveniles and prevent them from committing a crime. Juvenile justice system is very important and it is very important that each case are looked at differently and each juvenile is provided with fair, yet severe enough punishment that would deter that youth from committing another crime. In order toShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System1307 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined as â€Å"The behavior of a repeat or habitual criminal.† Juvenile offenders are studied on the re-offense that will occur and it is said that from 70% to 90% of offenders will re-offend. In the light of the criminal justice system and recidivism there is not actual consensus on what a criminal recidivism counts as, for example whether it counts as a repeat probation violation. National data that exist proves that 6 out of 10 juveniles return to juvenile court before their 18th birthday. You have toRead MoreShould Ju venile Offenders Be Punished?1423 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans, justice is important. When harm is done to most Americans, often victims of harm say they want the juvenile offender to pay for what he/she has done. Making someone pay for the harm they have caused is an easy concept when it comes to adult offenders; however, what about juvenile offenders? Should juvenile offenders be punished for what he/she has done? When victims want the juvenile offender to be punished for the harm they have caused, this is called retributive justice. Often AmericansRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between the Juvenile Justice and Adult Criminal System835 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: JUVENILE V. CRIMINAL 1 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System Ronda Cauchon CJ150-01 Professor Abreu Kaplan University October 9, 2012 JUVENILE V CRIMINAL 2 Juvenile Justice System V. Criminal Justice System In the earliest of times, juvenile offenders were treated theRead MoreThe Abolition Of The Juvenile Justice System1748 Words   |  7 PagesIn Canada, the juvenile court was established as a tribunal having the sole jurisdiction to hear, process as well as pass judgments for illegal behaviour that are committed by youths. This is a court system that fully distinguishes youths from adults as far as crime is concerned where their misconduct is labeled as delinquent acts rather than crime (Barry, 1987, p. 476). Youth are presumed to have less understanding of social norms and they are less aware of the long-term consequences of their behaviourRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Juvenile Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1899 when the juvenile justice system was first created it has undergone quite a series of changes relative to how they go about the overall handling of juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system. In most states the only way for juveniles to be trie d as adults is if they are over the age of 16 or if they have committed a violent crime such as rape or assault but recently many juveniles are being tried as adults for even far lesser crimes. It also has been well documented for a numberRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was established in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence need to be handled differently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from oneRead MoreThe Get-Tough Effectiveness Of Juvenile Recidivism. The1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe Get-Tough Effectiveness of Juvenile Recidivism The reason for this research paper is to examine the history and the purpose the juvenile system. We will also examine the history and effectiveness of the Get- tough Law on juvenile recidivism, followed with the overall conclusion of the research. The Juvenile justice system has undergone many changes since its establishment in the 1890s. These changes were implemented by the desire to have a justice system which is sensitive and responsive toRead MoreThe United States Juvenile Justice Court Was Based On The1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States juvenile justice court was based on the English parens patriae adopted in the United States as part of the legal tradition of England. But the efforts of the state to rehabilitate juvenile offenders with institutional treatment with the houses of refuge and reformatories failed. Today, the United States has 51 different juvenile court systems; the laws and statutes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Thus, each state’s approach to handle the youth offenders is responsible forRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Should Severity of Punishment for Young Off enders Be the Same as Adults? Throughout centuries of development, crime and social safety are still the biggest concerns for a country since it can influence the political, economic, and social aspects. With the evolution of human civilization, more than seventy percent of the world has been urbanized into developed countries. These countries contain advanced technologies, highly-comprehensive policies and economic system. Along withRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pages Today s concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and were subjected to harsh punishments. The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the positivist

My Experience That I Have Spent From Anthropology Course

The time that I have spent in this anthropology course brought many concepts to my attention. Life is full of so many aspects but we always seem to pay attention to the ones that interest us the most. This course made me realize that I do not have to like something to have knowledge about its existence and principles. It is easy in life to lose contact with certain concepts because there are so many. Culture for instance, is one of those concepts because it is such a vast topic. As we know, each individual is born and raised in a culture that they reflect most of the time throughout their lifespan. For example, I was born in the very strict Haitian culture that my parents taught me to appreciate. According to me, my culture requires for someone to be responsible by believing and firmly practicing Catholicism, by respecting and applying the rules of how someone should behave in society and to be educated. These beliefs are the highlighted points that my parents passed on to me according to their culture. However, this could be very different to someone else in the same Haitian community. What I am try to point out is that every culture and even in the same culture there are many different aspects that someone could or could not believe in and adopt. We could spend hours, days and years talking abou t culture but one thing is certain, we will all never agree to the same aspects, norms and principles of life. Each culture sees certain aspects of the world through differentShow MoreRelatedBecoming A First Generation College Student860 Words   |  4 Pages I have always been my own motivator and it has not always been easy. Being a first-generation college student meant going it on my own, making mistakes and learning from them. 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(Job, 2) A law degree is a great way to improve earning powerRead MoreThe Workings Of American Government996 Words   |  4 PagesStudying American Government subject is not boring as I had thought before taking this class. Whereas, I have had a great experience in this course in which I have been able to explore the workings of American Government system. I did really enjoy this course, but the only one thing that I wish is that I could understand all of the information from my professor and my classmate during their discussion and arguments in order to know more about their opinions about their country. American GovernmentRead MoreDon Name Changed For Confidentiality Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesBen (name changed for confidentiality), a young boy with Down Syndrome and anxiety lessened much of his anxiety working with the horses, that I had the pleasure of working under the supervision of an occupational therapist. 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My experiences in the Marines confirm the the idea of linguistic relativity put forth in the Sapir-wharf Hypothesis, and served as my Initiation in the the Marine Corp’s Community of Practice. During the three months spent in boot camp, recruits rarely spoke. Recruits listenedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Land s End : Capitalist Relations On An Indigenous Frontier ``1558 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Professor Tania Murray Li is a distinguished woman. She is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Toronto’s downtown campus where she also serves as the director of the Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, and the Canada Research Chair in the Political-Economy and Culture of Asia. The twenty years she spent in Indonesian island of Sulawesi afforded her rich material to write her book entitled â€Å"Land’s End: Capitalist Relations on an Indigenous Frontier†, which

My Story Free Essays

I was fidgeting in my seat in the airplane.   It was night time, but I could not sleep.   Beside me, my papa was sound asleep. We will write a custom essay sample on My Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now    I stared outside the window.   The night sky was full of stars.   I felt like I was riding on a magic carpet ride to my new home.   Then, the memories began play right before my very eyes. I cannot forget that day when mama and papa told me that we were moving to the United States.   I had just got home from school.   They were so happy and excited about it.   I thought that I would be as well.   But instead, I was dumbfounded.   I didn’t know how to react.   Should I be happy like them?   Or should I feel sad.   I didn’t quite understand.   But then again, I have always been told that I have been that way.   After all, I was a teenager.   Aren’t all teenagers prone to conflicting and overwhelming emotions happening all at one time? I went to my room and stared blankly at the walls.   It was only then that it began to sink in.   I was going to America!   I felt a smile forming on my lips. America! The land of opportunity!   The country that, up to this moment, I have only seen in television and in the movies!   Finally, I would be a part of it.   I would be the envy of many of my friends.   After all, who doesn’t want to go to America and be a part of it? Then it hit me.   My friends!   Yes, they would be envious.   I would be in going to the place of awesome beaches, actors and actresses, models, fashion, everything.   But, it would also mean that I would have to bid goodbye to them.   Sure, there will be the Internet for me to e-mail them, chat with them and perhaps for a moment even see them and hear their voices.   But, it wouldn’t be the same. The laughter, the parties, the sorrows, the moments when we would just hang out and bond with each other and dream about the future and what we wanted to become, that will be all gone.   Ã‚  I felt a pang in my heart.   Already I miss them.   I wonder what they were doing now.   Already I am miles away from them.   They are probably asleep in their beds, looking forward to another day in school.   I had let out a sigh as I felt my eyelids become heavy and then slowly drifting away into slumber. The Harsh Reality For the next few weeks, my parents and I did what every family who comes to America would do.   We visited almost every single tourist destination that we knew and go to.   We went to Disneyland, Universal Studios, Hollywood, Rodeo Drive, anywhere.   At the end of each day, my digital camera’s memory was filled up and I would send the pictures to my friends in Taiwan.   They would e-mail me telling me how lucky I was to be here in America.   How they wish they could enjoy the things that I am enjoying now.   I never mentioned it in my e-mails to them, but deep down whenever they would tell me about the parties they went to and the things that we used to do. Mama and Papa enrolled me at the University High School in Irvine.   Once again, the mixed feelings came to me.   I was excited to go to school.   I have seen in television that American teenagers are always welcoming and nice.   They would always make you feel at home.   They will accept me for me.   But I was also scared.   I only knew very little English.   I was afraid that I might be left out because I could barely talk to them. But mama and papa assured me that it was going to be okay.   I have always been able to make friends easily in Taiwan.   So, it won’t be that difficult for me to be able to make new friends and things would be like back in Taiwan.   It would just take some getting used to.   I would be able to adapt to school in no time.   After all, there are a lot of Asians here in California.   As I neared my school, I felt butterflies in my stomach fluttering all over the place.   Here goes nothing, I said to myself. As I walked through the school grounds, everyone seemed to have known each other for a very long time.   On every side of the walkway, there were groups of girls and boys chattering and laughing.   As I passed them, some of the boys began to stare at me and point at me.   Their gaze made me feel so awkward.   Why were they looking at me that way? I wondered.   I concentrated my eyes to the concrete ground I was walking on.   Yet, their gaze seemed to be bearing down on me.   Then I heard the bell ring. Everyone began to make their way towards the long corridors and through the classrooms.   I felt a couple of people bump me as they ran passed.   It made me feel more awkward.   Did they bump me on purpose or because they were just hurrying to class?   I didn’t know.   I tried myself to believe that they were just in a rush that was why they bumped into me.   Americans are very much into equality and they have always been nice.   But something inside me was telling me otherwise. Then the reality came in when in my first class.   I was asked to introduce myself.   I stood in front of class and introduced myself.   As I did, I noticed some of the boys were snickering from the back of the room.   Others were looking at each other smiling at each other.   I was trembling.   I could not go back to my seat any faster than I wanted to.   Again, the feeling of eyes bearing down my neck came back.   I felt that I just wanted to disappear.   Every class it was the same.   When I got home, mama asked me how did my day went.   She looked so happy.   I didn’t want to tell her.   All I just said was it went okay, and I headed to my room. Over the next few weeks, things just went from bad to worse.   Some of them would mimic how I talk and those who would watch will burst out into laughter.   In times that some would try to talk to me, I thought that things would get better.   But when they did, they spoke to me mimicking my accent and would walk away, laughing.   It became harder and harder for me to go to school and having to face all of these.   I felt angry and ashamed of myself because I was different.   I knew that they were mocking me because I was different and that I could not speak English that well. I began to regret coming to America.   Why did we have to leave Taiwan?   If we just stayed, I would not have to go through this.   I began to long for my friends who were halfway around the world.   How I wish they were here with me.   They would have comforted me and would be there for me as I go through each and every single day of torment. In dinner, my papa asked me how did my day go.   It was then that I exploded.   I told them I did not like it here.   I wanted to go back home to Taiwan and stormed out of my room. The Turning Point Shortly, after my outburst, my mama came into my room.   She sat beside me.   She placed her hand on my shoulder.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Son,† she said, softly in our native language, â€Å"I know you are having a hard time fitting in, even if you had never spoken about it.   But, you have to be strong.   Many people in Taiwan would do anything to be where we are now.   You can overcome this, my son.   We are here to support you.   Believe in yourself that you can do it.   If you give up, then the battle is completely lost without you trying.†Ã‚   With that, she left the room and me with my thoughts. Looking back, what she told me had been the turning point of my life.   I began to learn English on my own.   I tried my best to excel in class and I did.   Slowly, the boys and girls who used to taunt me began to talk to me and began to invite me to seat with them during lunch.   I even developed friendships with a few of them. People have always said that it is in college when you will have a taste of the real world.   In my case, I had my taste when I was in college.   I learned that the world can be a tough, cruel world to live in.   People will mock you and taunt you and criticize you because of the color of your skin, or because you talk differently.   The experiences I had gone through in high school had made me stronger, and it had taught me a valuable lesson.   For as long as I believe in myself, I can accomplish anything.   As I continue my road towards my desired career, I would never forget the lessons I had learned about myself in high school.   It is not what only makes me unique.   It has also made me more prepared for whatever the future has in store. How to cite My Story, Essay examples

Tourism and Hospitality Operations Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTourism and Hospitality Operations Management for Business. Answer: Introduction Hospitality management significantly refers to an activity of managing hotel i.e. managing different departments and staff so that the customers can be offered with a great experience (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully, 2013). The main aim of hotel sector, which is a part of the hospitality industry, is to make customers feel welcomed and enjoy their stay. This is achieved through an effective management of hotels and its different services (Buhalis and Crotts, 2013). The report herewith aims to make a comparative analysis of two leading hotels situated in Adelaide, Australia named as Mantra Hindmarsh Square and ibis Adelaide Hotel. Both the hotels are compared and evaluated for their product offerings, pricing, place or location, and promotions. Thus, a marketing mix analysis of Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel and ibis Adelaide Hotel is conducted in the present report. The study will reveal which hotel is better in terms of prices, product offerings, place, and promotion, and provides insigh ts into the room of improvements. Description of Business Ibis Adelaide Hotel The ibis Adelaide Hotel is situated at Grenfell Street in Adelaide, Australia. This hotel is an economy hotel for business and leisure and offers genuine accommodation and food services. This hotel is located in the heart of city, therefore, attracts guests and visitors. Being an economy hotel, it contains 311 rooms and suites which are designed using the latest Samsung television technology (ibis Adelaide Hotel, 2017). The unique selling proposition of herewith hotel is that it offers visitors with the full range of rooms that is usually not seen anywhere else. The experience of guests is enhanced through offering additional services and an impressive range of packages. The rooms offered by ibis Adelaide Hotel are designed while considering classic elegance, adjustable furniture, and an attractive ambiance and from each room, guests can view over the Adelaide Hills. It offers the best online rates for room reservations (Tripadvisor, 2017). Mantra Hindmarsh Square The Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel is situated in Hindmarsh Sq, Adelaide, Australia, which is considered as an affordable hotel. The business understands the value of guests thus, offers services as per their needs and wants (Tripadvisor, 2017). The above-cited hotel offers premier apartment style accommodation; therefore, it tries to create a memorable stay experience for each customer. The hotel offers services including well-furnished rooms, separate living and dining areas, kitchenettes modern amenities, gym, indoor pool, conference and meeting rooms, internet facilities and so on. At this hotel, customers can choose the style of room including contemporary studio Rooms, Bedroom Suites, and Disabled Studios (Mantra, 2017). This hotel further offers an express checkout services for the convenience of customers. Analysis of Factors Product The product offering of both the hotels are quite similar however, some features and additional services make difference in product offering of both the hotels. The ibis Adelaide Hotel is an economy hotel for business and leisure. The cited hotel offers Standard room I queen bed that ensures guest for a good sleep. Total 311 rooms are there in the hotel, all the rooms offered by ibis Adelaide Hotel are featured with the latest Samsung smart hub TVs, Phillips LED lamps and USB ports with adjustable office chairs. The rooms above 5th floor are a superior room that offers stunning views of Adelaide hills and city view. The Superior room 2Singale bed City view is equipped with king single Sweet beds (ibis Adelaide Hotel. 2017). On the flip side, Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel offers 179 air-conditioned rooms featuring kitchen equipment like as refrigerators and microwaves. There are LCD televisions placed in each room offered by Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel (Mantra, 2017). All the rooms of Mantra Hotel are modern, clean and spacious with a large balcony showing amazing views of the Adelaide Hills and the city. Both the hotels are providing wireless Internet access (Wifi services) so that guest can keep themselves connected with the internet. The Wifi facility is available in Mantra hotel for a surcharge. The restaurant and bar services offered by ibis Adelaide Hotel are located at the first floor where the restaurant offers daily breakfast, however, lunch is offered from Monday to Friday only. On the flip side, Mantra Hindmarsh Square offer a 24-hour room service menu, it delivers order whether it is late night or early morning. As compared to ibis Adelaide Hotel, it offers breakfast for 7 days but lunch is offered from Monday to Friday (ibis Adelaide Hotel. 2017). In the ibis Adelaide Hotel, there is a single meeting room of 89m square which has the capacity to serve up to 110 people. Including this maximum banquet, capacity is 60 persons. On the other hand, Mantra Hindmarsh Square hotel offers a business center with a conference space. The conference hall has a capacity of maximum 80 people (Mantra, 2017). In addition to this ibis, Adelaide Hotels bar and restaurants are spilled out onto balconies and floors are equipped with conference facilities. The gym comprises of technological equipment and WiFi services are located throughout the hotel, whereas the guests of Mantra Hindmarsh Square hotel can take advantages of recreation opportunities like as fitness center, wireless Internet access, and babysitting/childcare. Within the hotel, various televisions are placed in common areas along with tour/ticket assistance. Price Both the hotels are offering different prices for rooms; however, the prices are quite competitive. The studio suite of Mantra Hindmarsh Square in which two guests can accommodate, but in the case of 3rd guest, the customer has to pay an additional charge for a rollaway bed. Daily rate of Mantra for studio suite is AUD $467 (3 nights), but, if customers stay for long the prices are AUD $435 (3 nights). For a bedroom suite, Mantra hotel charges AUD$ 512 for 3 nights. Parkview Suite is designed for 3 guests, however, it is charged at AUD $572 but for an additional guest, customers have to pay n additional charge on a rollaway bed. Two bedroom suite queen, of Mantra hotel, offers feature 2 bedrooms, featuring a queen size bed with an accommodation of 5 guests at AUD $722 for 3 nights (Tripadvisor, 2017). On the other side, Ibis Adelaide Hotel offers different rooms at different prices. A standard room with 2 single beds for 2 people is available at AUD $423 (prices as per three days sta y). Adding to this, Standard room 1 queen bed is also available at the same price AUD $423. On the other hand, Superior room including 2 single beds and city view or 1 queen bed and city views are available at the prices of AUD$510 (3 nights). On the basis of comparison of price points, it can be said that Ibis Adelaide Hotel is little cheaper as compared to Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel (ibis Adelaide Hotel. 2017). In Ibis Adelaide Hotel, no cancellation charge is applied s prior to 18:00 (local time), up to 1 day prior to arrival, however, beyond this time the hotel charges for a day. As compared to this, Mantra charges 100% of the amount as a cancellation free on a cancellation within 48 hours of check-in date. Including this, within 14 days but up to 48 hours$25 cancellation fee is deducted (Mantra, 2017). The checking time of Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel is from 2 pm and the respective check out time isuntil 10 am, whereas, the check time of Ibis Adelaide Hotel is 2 pm but Check-out until 11:00 am (Mantra Hindmarsh Square, 2017). The Ibis Adelaide Hotel offers online check-in services, along with a fast checkout. Place The ibis Adelaide hotel and Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel, both are located in Adelaide at the heart of the city. The attractive location of both the hotels makes them more competitive. The Ibis Adelaide Hotel is located at Grenfell Street in Adelaide, Australia; however, it is located at the heart of the Adelaide CBD. The ibis Adelaide Hotel is considered as an ultimate hotel for business and leisure travel. The hotel is situated near to the city's shopping and dining precincts, and famous places like as Rundle Mall and Rundle Street (Tripadvisor, 2017). Including this, there are various places that are at the walking distance from the hotel namely Adelaide Oval, Botanic Gardens, National Wine Centre, Casino, Convention Centre and Royal Adelaide Hospital. This Hotel offers a city centre along with a modern, relaxed atmosphere, therefore, it can be said that guests can enjoy the best accommodation as well as they can explore the beautiful city of Adelaide. The Airport is far 6.9Km or 4.29 miles from the hotel (ibis Adelaide Hotel. 2017). On the flip side, Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel is located at Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide in South Australia. The hotel is situated in the inner city and guests can easily access to the famous location nearby hotels (Tripadvisor, 2017). Once getting out from the hotel, guests can get into Adelaide Central Market, Adelaide Zoo, South Australian Museum, Botanic Gardens and Art Gallery of South Australia. The transportation services are available just near to the hotel. The airport is just 30 minutes away from the Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel (Mantra, 2017). Most of the natural tourist spots like as Cape Jervis, Kangaroo Island is close to the hotel that grab the attention of guests. The location is equipped with more than 600 retail stores, and guests can find fabulous alfresco cafes, restaurants, iconic pubs and fashion stores (Tripadvisor, 2017). The hotels can be booked over the phone and online booking is available for both the hotels. The ibis Adelaide Hotel is 100% non-smoking hotel and it has received 5-star rating for having a great location, spacious rooms, lovely friendly and helpful staff. At the place, guests can experience special services such as car hire, day tours, transfers, and tickets enquiry, etc. Promotions The promotions strategies for ibis Adelaide hotel includes Bonus 1 FREE night in which guests can stay for 3 nights while paying for 2 nights only (Infinity, Making Holiday easy, 2017). This is the recent promotional offer given by ibis Adelaide hotel to its guests who will visit from 1st May to 15th September. On the other side, the recent promotional activity of Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel is its 25% discount given on a stay of 2 or more nights, which is valid from 25th May to 30th November 2017 (Mantra Hindmarsh Square, 2017). These special discounts given by both the hotels for attracting customer in low seasons are attractive. The seasonal promotions are offered through corporate travelers, airline staff, and other regular clients. Mantra Hindmarsh Square hotel is offering 24 hours desk services, on the flip side, ibis Adelaide Hotel has promoted itself as a 100% non-smoking hotel. However, both the hotels are offering attractive loyalty programs (ibis Adelaide Hotel, 2017). Recommendations Both are hotels are famous in Adelaide for their unique services and attractive location, however, the promotions and marketing of ibis Adelaide Hotel and Mantra Hindmarsh Square hotel are weak. The hotels are advised to introduce some promotional events like a music concert to attract more guests. Through this activity, they can attract because locals as well as travelers and will be able to earn good revenues through selling tickets to the event. The hotels can come up with unique travel packages andhotel discounts, especially for weekends that will attract guest. Conclusion The comparison between ibis Adelaide Hotel and Mantra Hindmarsh Square hotel revealed that both the hotels are offering attractive services and price points, however, ibis Adelaide Hotel is more attractive and cheaper as compared to Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel. The numbers of rooms in ibis Adelaide Hotel are more as compared to Mantra Hindmarsh Square Hotel, that indicates higher revenue for this hotel, but no such difference in location and promotions is found for both the hotels, even both are located at the heart of the city and are promoting themselves using discounts and special offers. References Buhalis, D. and Crotts, J., 2013.Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management. Routledge. ibis Adelaide Hotel. 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.accorhotels.com/gb/hotel-8822-ibis-adelaide/index.shtml#section-rooms [Accessed on 22nd May 2017] Infinity, Making Holiday easy, 2017. ibis Adelaide. Retrieved from: https://www.infinityholidays.com.au/product/4535048/ [Accessed on 22nd May 2017] Mantra Hindmarsh Square, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.mantra.com.au/south-australia/adelaide-and-surrounds/adelaide/accommodation/hotels/mantra-hindmarsh-square/facilities/ [Accessed on 22nd May 2017] Mantra, 2017. Mantra Hindmarsh Square- Adelaide. Retrieved from: https://www.mantra.com.au/south-australia/adelaide-and-surrounds/adelaide/accommodation/hotels/mantra-hindmarsh-square/dining/ [Accessed on 22nd May 2017] Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013.Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Tripadvisor, 2017. Ibis Adelaide. Retrieved from: https://www.tripadvisor.in/Hotel_Review-g255093-d5588560-Reviews-Ibis_Adelaide-Adelaide_Greater_Adelaide_South_Australia.html [Accessed on 23rd May 2017] Tripadvisor, 2017. Mantra Hindmarsh Square. Retrieved from: https://www.tripadvisor.in/Hotel_Review-g255093-d277671-Reviews-Mantra_Hindmarsh_Square-Adelaide_Greater_Adelaide_South_Australia.html [Accessed on 23rd May 2017] Zomato, 2017. ibis Kitchen Restaurant ibis Adelaide. ibis Adelaide. Retrieved from: https://www.zomato.com/adelaide/ibis-kitchen-restaurant-ibis-adelaide-city-centre [Accessed on 22nd May 2017]